Monday, March 2, 2009

Возражения против дактилоскопирования

Почему же общество опасается массовой регистрации? Возможно, потому, что мы знаем: отпечатки пальцев не могут гарантировать отсутствие ошибок, а сам реестр может быть использован не по назначению. Вот несколько примеров, которые заставляют задуматься:

• идентификация по отпечаткам пальцев осуществляется людьми, а людям свойственно ошибаться;

• чьи-либо отпечатки пальцев могут оказаться на месте преступления по вполне законной причине. Присутствие идентифицируемых отпечатков создает презумпцию виновности;

• отпечатки могут быть случайно или преднамеренно перепутаны в полицейской лаборатории;

• хранимые в полиции файлы с отпечатками могут быть преднамеренно изменены с целью обвинения невиновного;

• экспертные заключения по анализу отпечатков могут быть перепутаны или специально изменены.

Чем больше мы доверяем технологиям идентификации, тем больше различных видов мошенничества получаем взамен, а возможность преднамеренного мошенничества мы не сможем исключить никогда. Именно по этой причине дактилоскопирование не может гарантировать идентификацию, оно лишь обеспечивает связь конкретного пальца с записью в файле. Измените файл, и вы измените идентификацию.

Но у монеты есть и обратная сторона: дактилоскопия как средство строгой идентификации может быть использована репрессивными и тоталитарными режимами. Люди, стоящие у руля в таких обществах, обеспечивают свою власть в том числе и благодаря тому, что любой противник существующего порядка может быть идентифицирован и будет постоянно находиться под угрозой расправы до тех пор, пока не покорится или не будет уничтожен. Пропускная система во времена апартеида в Южной Африке и идентификационные карточки, выдаваемые палестинцам на оккупированных Израилем территориях, являются типичными примерами таких систем идентификации. Недемократические режимы нуждаются в системах точной идентификации: если подвергнуть наказанию не того человека, это увеличит число противников режима и, что, вероятно, более важно, даст возможность уйти от ответственности истинному виновнику.
Источник:
Симсон ГАРФИНКЕЛЬ,
"Все под контролем: Кто и как следит за тобой"

Sunday, May 27, 2007

US Army Survival Manual: FM 21-76, Illustrated. Department of Defense

US Army Survival Manual: FM 21-76, Illustrated. Department of Defense
Army Survival Manual is the finest single source for self-reliance for all extreme circumstances. A must for anyone who wants to know how to survive in... primitive conditions. The book is very straightforward with many pictures and user-friendly illustrations, written in easy to understand language. This is just some of the survival information that this book provides: All-climates: arctic, tropics, temperate forest, savannah or desert. All-terrain survival tactics. The Will to Survive. Identify poisonous snakes, as well as edible and non-edible plants. Survival Medicine. Wilderness medicine. Techniques on first aid. Survival in the hottest or coldest of climates. Survival Planning. Make polluted water potable. How to find water. Ways to trap and collection techniques of water. Covers navigation and compass use. Find direction using the sun and stars. Weapons and Tools. Recognizing signs of land when lost at sea. Building life-saving shelters. Traps and snares. How to prepare wild game to be cooked also preserving food. All types of fire making. Water Crossings. Find direction using the sun and stars. Physical and mental fitness. Disaster preparedness. Again this is just some of the survival information is this book!

Wednesday, January 3, 2007

Survival Wisdom & Know How: Everything You Need to Know to Subsist in the Wilderness

Survival Wisdom & Know How: Everything You Need to Know to Subsist in the Wilderness
Survival Wisdom is a large-scale practical guide, jam-packed with information on every aspect of outdoor life and adventure. Survival Wisdom & Know-How is the most complete, all-in-one volume on every aspect of outdoor adventure and survival ever, from orienteering to campfire cooking to ice climbing and beyond. Culled from dozens of respected books from Stackpole, the industry's leader in outdoor adventure, this massive collection of wilderness know-how leaves absolutely nothing to chance when it comes to surviving and thriving in the wilderness—and appreciating every minute of it. Topics include Building Outdoor Shelter, Tracking Animals, Winter Camping, Tying Knots, Orienteering, Reading the Weather, Identifying Edible Plants and Berries, Surviving in the Desert, Bird Watching, Fishing and Ice Fishing, Hunting and Trapping, Canoeing, Kayaking, and White Water Rafting, First Aid, Wild Animals, Cookery, and much more. Useful illustrations and photos throughout make it easy to browse and use. With contributions by the experts at the National Outdoor Leadership School (NOLS) as well as the editors of Stackpole's Discover Nature series, Survival Wisdom & Know-How is the definitive, must-have reference for the great outdoors.

Tuesday, May 16, 2006

Wilderness Survival: Living Off the Land with the Clothes on Your Back and the Knife on Your Belt. Mark Elbroch, Michael Pewtherer

Wilderness Survival: Living Off the Land with the Clothes on Your Back and the Knife on Your Belt. Mark Elbroch, Michael Pewtherer
Do you have what it takes? You're alone in the wilderness with nothing but a knife and the clothes on your back. Will you survive? Do you have the skills to feed, clothe, and protect yourself? Mark Elbroch, a master tracker, and Mike Pewtherer, a woodland skills educator, put those questions to the test when they embarked on a 46-day, unprovisioned, unequipped journey into the dense wilderness of the northeastern United States. Wilderness Survival is their highly practical and uniquely observant introduction to survival in the deep woods. Mark and Mike tested generally accepted truths, questioned conventional solutions, and distilled the best techniques for making fire, obtaining shelter, finding water, and hunting with primitive weapons. They give you: -A life-saving handbook of survival skills that explores man's place in the natural world -The secret to surviving in the wilderness as part of nature--not its adversary -Explanations of more than 30 wilderness survival skills, including hunting and gathering food, fashioning tools, and preserving and storing food

Friday, February 10, 2006

Camp-Lore And Woodcraft by Dan Beard

Camp-Lore And Woodcraft by Dan Beard
This book includes a bunch of fun ideas that at first glance may look a bit strange, but are certain to provide hours of fun for both kids and adults alike! Beard richly described and illustrated his activities in this book, including fire-making by friction and percussion, fire lays and cooking, camp cookery and kitchens, packing horses and dogs, packing your backpack for the long haul, saddles, camp gadgets, camp furnishings, choosing camp sites, axe and saw work, council fires and assembly fire grounds, and “reading” the woods. A part of Dan Beard’s outdoors handy-book collection from the early 1900s, with each book filled with excellent unique ideas, some of which people today have never tried! This book makes a perfect gift for campers, hikers, bushcrafters, outdoorsmen, folks who enjoy the forest and the open air, scouts, and scout leaders.